How Private Military Companies Affect Modern Africa

The prevalence of mercenaries in African warfare has been continual since the first Portuguese slavers set foot in South-West Africa 500 years ago. It is difficult to find a war in Africa, especially post-World War Two, where mercenaries were not employed by at least one side, if not both. With the growth of professionalized military companies and the loss of political will to deploy conventional forces by Western countries, the usage of mercenaries is only going to increase. This growth is leading to studies about the ethical, economic, and political applications and ramifications regarding private military companies and their future use in Africa. This literature review examines policy experts#39; and political scientists#39; research†¦show more content†¦Independent variables included competition among PMCs and resource compensation. Control variables included ethnic fractionalization, mountainous terrain, proportion of forces, gross domestic product, and levels of governmental and rebel support. The empirical research concluded two findings. If only a single PMC is hired, it is more likely to underperform and prolong civil war and if multiple PMCs intervene in an ongoing civil war it is more likely to be terminated.4 For example, if six PMCs intervene in the sixth year of a civil war, it is at least 2.5 times more likely to be terminated than if one PMC is operating in the same battle space.5 Similarly to Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski findings is research conducted by Ulrich Petersohn.6 In a 2015 article titled â€Å"Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), Military Effectiveness, and Conflict Severity in Weak States, 1990 – 2007,† Petersohn uses empirical data to find the differences between the kinds of PMCs services offered, for example logistics versus direct combat engagement, and how they affect weak or falling states. Petersohn writes that most of this field of study thinks that PMCs adversely affect the states they are contracted to assist. â€Å"A common view is that PMSCs are menaces who simply take economic advantage of—and thereby aggravate—already bad situations.†7 Petersohn’sShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Signal : Egypt1620 Words   |  7 PagesSIGNAL 1 THE FUTURE OF SIGNAL IN EGYPT SCCC 009-14 MAJOR HESHAM AHMED 09 Oct 2014 THE FUTURE OF SIGNAL 2 Egypt was and still occupies a distinguished place in terms of geography between Europe and the Far East in the heart of the modern world, but historically it has been her leadership in pace with the development of civilization and for most of the countries around it, especially in the telecommunications and radio filed although it did not to participate in this cultural renaissanceRead MoreGlobalization, Privatization, and Militarization: Impacts on Criminal Justice1717 Words   |  7 Pages The ideas of globalization can be traced essentially back to the origins of man when they began to move from equatorial Africa. Next were the Europeans trading for silk and spices with the Far East, eventually leading to the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus traveling to the West in an effort to find a shorter route to their foreign trade partners. Modern day globalization began to come about after World War II. This was mainly due to countries such as Sri Lanka, India, and someRead MoreThe Federal Aviation Administration Is The Governing Force Of Aviation Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is the process of excluding a person based on a multitude of factors not limited to just age, sex or ethnicity. Just about 200 years ago, in 1808, The Congress banned the importation of slaves from Africa and they were given voting rights in 1870 with the Fifteenth Amendment [1]. Less than 100 years ago, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote in 1920 [2]. 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Personal training Free Essays

Personal Training I have a passion for action sports, physical fitness and wellbeing. There is no better feeling in the world than being healthy. Along with being healthy, comes physical fitness and athleticism. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal training or any similar topic only for you Order Now But accomplishing these goals is no easy task. Athletes don’t wake up every day physically in top shape and able to perform their best athletically without hours on top of hours of hard work and proper dieting. Not many athletes know the ins and outs of proper training and dieting, which is why hey refer to a personal trainer for the tips and advice they need to succeed. A major in Kinesiology is an excellent way to gain the proper knowledge to help athletes get to where they need to be. As a personal trainer, you have many duties related to your Job. Trainers are responsible for providing various personal training services that help members maximize their workout efficiency. And to also improve physical fitness and wellbeing. Personal trainers demonstrate exercises. These vary, depending on his or her client’s level of fitness capability, age and weight. These demonstrated exercises ould be as simple as a squat or as advanced as a power clean. It is important as a trainer to get to know your client. Such as their level of fitness, what theyre physically capable of performing. Personal trainer need to be able to determine what exercises can benefit their client or potentially harm them (California). Trainers are also responsible for creating a healthy diet plan for their client to follow, in order to help accomplish their fitness or health goals. This part of personal training is the most difficult. Diet plans can be very difficult for the average person to follow and keep track of. Just like the physical part of personal training, a diet plan very depending on client’s fitness goals, age and weight. For example, if a middle aged man is looking to lose a significant amount of weight, he would need to do a few things. First, in order to lose weight your body need to burn carbohydrates that have been consumed in the past twenty-four hours. Once your body has depleted all unused carbohydrates, it can now access your bodys stored fat source and start to burn it off. But in order to burn carbohydrates in the first place, he must engage in high intense exercises, which min in their late thirties usually don’t do. So what needs to happen is he must alter his diet to eat six times a day. The content of his diet would be low carbs and proteins. The reason for him to eat six times a day is to keep his metabolism running so he can burn fat during his daily routine. Along with a diet, comes exercise with his personal trainer. His workouts would consist of very low weight, with a high number of repetition. The reason for low weight workouts is because he would be low on carbs which would highly effect his strength. The high amount of reps will cause his muscles to fire quicker, causing him to burn carbohydrates then start burning stored tat ( Trainers can work in many different places. For example, if a trainer has a group workout in urban areas, he could meet his clients at a local park or running trail. The most common place would be the gym, where a personal trainer can train one or more individuals. Trainers even go to clients homes for personal workouts. That’s usually the case for elderly people who would have a hard time leaving their home. Qualified trainers travel to hospitals to train rehabilitated patients who may have been injured in an accident and is in need to re-train their muscles (United). To become a trainer is not very difficult. A degree is not needed, but would be very beneficial. My personal trainer, Brodie Priestley recommended a degree in kinesiology and nutrition. Also having a background in sports and powerlifting benefit me. Even though a degree in not required, sources indicate it would do nothing but help (United States). During my interview I asked my trainer Priestley what made him choose kinesiology as his profession. â€Å"It was simple† Priestley replied. â€Å"My father was a world class power lifter, benching over five-hundred pounds as a senior in high school. So like every kid, I wanted to be Just like my father. I fell in love with lifting weights and lay sports. The more I lifted weights, the more results I saw and I began to feel better about myself,† Priestley explained. â€Å"l quickly got addicted to lifting weights and wanted to keep progressing. I began to educate myself more on lifting weights and ways to get bigger and stronger. My obsession with lifting weights and muscles development got to the point where I stopped playing sports to focus on powerlifting. † Priestleys hard work was paying off as he took first place in numerous powerlifting events. â€Å"l wasn’t Just winning, I was blowing my competition out of the water,† Priestley explained. Priestley worked his way up to become the number three power lifter in the nation, and later broke the world record in bench press for his weight class. It was obvious that I was good at what I did, so I wanted to help others accomplish their physical fitness goals. So I began Personal training at a local gym. I quickly fell in love with helping others and seeing them progress. It’s a cool feeling, I couldn’t be happier with what I’m doing† Priestley explained to me. I asked Priestley what he though was the toughest part about being a personal trainer. Priestleys response was simple, he told me that â€Å"as long as you’re doing omething you love, it doesn’t really matter what you do to get there. But I guess the hardest part of being a personal trainer would be getting some clients to trust you and to buy into your system. † Priestley continued on saying that some people who may have been out of shape most of their life have a hard time believing that they can lose weight and get in shape by following my weight loss program, which makes it difficult to train that individual. Next I asked Priestley what he liked most about his Job. Priestley responded by saying â€Å"The best part of my Job is seeing true results in my clients. There is no better feeling as a trainer knowing that you helped someone get healthy and physically fit. In most cases that is a life changing event for people who used to be highly over weight and unhealthy. That person can now walk around proud of their appearance and have all the confidence in the world, all because of my help. To me there is no better teeling. † Even though I learned that an education is not need to become a trainer, I asked Priestley what steps he took in school to get where he is today. Priestley told me that getting his master’s degree in kinesiology, and minor degree in nutrition was the martest thing he has ever done. My degree helped me in every way possible, I now have an edge on a lot of trainers that might not have a degree. But not only am I more educated but my degree gets me more business which is awesome! † Researching my career choice has reassured me that becoming a personal trainer is who I am going to become. My trainer has had the biggest impact on my decision. He has helped me so much and IVe also seen him help many others. I le arned that what you get out of training someone is the ultimate prize. In conclusion kinesiology is what I have chosen as my career choice. How to cite Personal training, Papers Personal training Free Essays Personal training in fitness is an individualized approach to the provision of services that aim at improving the health and fitness of the participants or rather the clients (Subhan, White, Kane1987). Fitness needs are varied just like the individuals requiring these services. A personal fitness trainer provides training services to the clients according to individual requirements and conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal training or any similar topic only for you Order Now He/She acts as a consultant, giving advise according to his/her assessment on the individual’s needs and health conditions. The programs are all designed to fit into different schedules and timetables. A personal trainer gives services on a one-to-one basis and helps the trainee to achieve his/her set goals, which may include: †¢ Weight loss. †¢ Bodybuilding. †¢ Improving on physical appearance †¢ Preparations for sporting events. According to( ), personal training is valuable tool for those who desire fitness coaching and inspiration for goal achievement. Personal trainers can be found in various settings such as health clubs, gyms, and spas as well as in luxury yatches and cruise ships. Gyms are very common in all kinds of establishments such as hotels, learning institutions and member clubs. Personal trainers are gaining popularity due to an increased awareness levels on the need to remain fit as well as health education programmes offered in the learning institutions which serve to enlighten the citizenry on health matters and their physical well-being. As a result, many are interested in joining health programmes and training therefore contributing to the popularity of personal training as a profession. In the US to practice as a personal trainer requires a certification. A personal trainer may also offer allied services such as: †¢ Testing for fitness Assessing clients’ lifestyle †¢ Training partners †¢ Helping clients to set goals as well as design appropriate programs †¢ Advising on nutritional requirements †¢ Assessing on clients progress. There are several benefits associated with the profession, such as having the unique opportunity to achieve and sustain personal fitness (Carey, Mason1996). As one helps others to keep fit, he/she will also be involved in the same activities hence he/she will keep fit in the process. It also helps the personal trainer to maintain a healthy lifestyle as a result of working out consistently and routinely. Being a personal trainer also ensures that one engages in constructive activity when free and avoids idleness (Sherman, 1994). One is exposed to information and techniques of increasing performance in different areas such as endurance, strength, flexibility and so on. When one is involved in these constant activities, maintenance of vigor and stamina comes naturally. In addition, one is able to maintain great body shape and skin tone, and also it is easier to prepare and participate in physical activities such as athletics and sports (Raglin, Morgan, 1987). Personal training is also a great career and the personal trainer is able to get a lot of satisfaction from helping others, avoid stress as well as anxiety (Maguire, 2000). It is also a good source of income since personal trainers can get to meet both their basic and secondary needs. Kate Williams a personal trainer working in the field of personal training was interviewed on personal training career and she reported that her job is a source of joy and happiness especially due to the effects of seeing a client achieve his/her goal, for example losing weight through exercise and achieving good physical fitness, vigor and stamina. A personal trainer enjoys a flexible schedule depending on the settings, of where they work. Usually, nights and weekend work is not common (Maguire, 2002). The interviewee noted that, her busiest hours are from 15 hours to 20 hours although some clients are happy with morning workouts as well as early after noon workouts. The interviewee further noted that, she has four morning sessions every week. She has only one session on Saturday and two sessions on Sunday, but all the other days of the week are usually busy for her. Her schedule is typical to common jobs of personal trainers and their fore the schedule should be viewed as standard representation of personal trainers timetable. Some personal trainers’ schedules are subject to availability of clients. Other trainers work in hotel gyms where they attend to guests and clients who may come at will and therefore they are always available to attend to the clients regardless of their schedules.. There are personal trainers who work for individuals and their working hours are fewer. The interviewee was of the opinion that, many people should develop interest in personal training career so as to have more people reached out to something that likely to lead to a health and stress free nation. Schools. Personal trainers are required to be certified in personal training aerobics, weight training and other forms of physical training (Johnsgard, 1989). Becoming a personal trainer can be realized by attending training in several institutions that offer this training. There are different courses such as Bachelor’s degrees in exercise science and physical education. There are also certificates offered in colleges and fitness institutes in America. Every state in America has several institutions that offer personal training. Some of these institutions include: – †¢ FITA fitness, Inc. New port Beach. †¢ Bryan college- Sacramental/ Gold diver. †¢ Heritage college-Personal training- Denver †¢ Heritage institute – personal training- Fort Myers. †¢ Florida college natural health. †¢ CNI’s California personal fitness training school. †¢ National personal training institute. All the above-mentioned institutions offer quite recommendable personal training programs, which have been of much help to those interested in personal training and have recorded high customer satisfaction levels. The interviewee recalled one of her clients reported that he had lost quite a recommendable amount of body weight, and that the programs had been a great one for him. These institutions also expose their clients to career opportunities of becoming personal fitness trainers by providing the required and relevant education that may result to certificate or degree award. They employ an approach which is skill based something which helps the graduates to secure jobs in areas like healthcare, massage as well as in technical fields. The interviewee reported that personal training institutions were voted the best in the way they operated and in how they met the goals of their clients. The struggle to have and maintain all the essential facilities that are required for body building exercises and hire the best and qualified personal trainers. Like any other career, personal training provides a source of income to its’ beneficiaries specifically the personal trainers. Agreement on payment basis is made between the personal trainers and the organizations for example, they may agree that the personal trainers be paid on monthly basis may be an approximate amount of $2,500 a month. In other institutions, payment may be done on daily basis, according to the number of clients who have turned up for the training. In addition, payment rates range on client status, for example students may be allowed to pay a little amount than the staff members, and guests. This can be demonstrated in the table 1. 1below: Personal fitness training package rates. Number or session Rate per student Staff, Guest (per person) 1 $25 $35 2 $60 $90 5 $95 $125 10 $120 $200 Source: Personal interview. Conclusion Personal training is an interesting career that offers a very good working environment as well as returns. Personal trainers are able to avoid stress and anxiety and usually live relaxed lives due to regular exercises and they are usually physically fit. In addition, personal training is a well paying career and this is a key motivator those interested in that career path. How to cite Personal training, Papers

Business Ethics Contemporary Business

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethicsfor Contemporary Business. Answer: Individual Learning: Understanding Business Ethics: Before understanding business ethics, it is important for us to understand the true meaning of ethics. Ethics can be explained as moral values that directs an individuals behaviour and actions. According to scholarly definition, ethics is the important prearranged assessment of how an individual needs to behave in a given situation or circumstances, how we need to restrict ourselves from pursuing self interest when it is the cause of others problem or suffering (Durkheim, 2013). Every individual has attitude and thoughts. Ethics concerns efforts to discover higher-order ideology and values in an effort to rationalize and unite individuals diverse moral values. Business ethics can simply be explained as a set of professional ethics or a code of law that a business organization must follow in order to perform responsible business operations and provide welfare to the society (Weiss, 2014). Business ethics is a sub category of ethics and is based on moral and social principles. It basically provides an outline for ethical business processes. It presets socio-cultural, economic, juridical and other limitations for conducting a business, although it is a voluntary concept and government does not force business ethics on business organizations. While business ethics is a comparative term which changes according to personal values and beliefs, country of business operations, etc. Every profession has a definite set of code of conduct that must be followed by professionals which guides what is ethical and what is not in that particular profession. Ethical Issues Faced By Contemporary Business: To understand business ethics it is important for business leaders and managers to recognize the ethical issues that rise in business processes. It is generally an identifiable situation or condition with the aim of evaluating between moralities and choosing the most ethical decision which will act both in welfare of stakeholders and business interest. The concept of ethics and morality changes according to socio-political-cultural practices around the globe (Hoffman, et al. 2014). For instant, in western business environment, if I am visiting a client for the first time, it is perfectly normal to bring gifts in elaborate manner and bribing is acceptable. On the other hand, in Southeast Asian countries bribing is viewed as impolite and unethical. For better understanding of some common ethical issues faced by business organizations, I have listed the most crucial and common ones bellow: Conflict of Interest: In the ethical course we have learnt that, building confidence among stakeholders is an important issue that organizations always emphasizes to build upon because it is our ability to trust among each other assist us to conduct business with each other. Thus the primary ethical issues faced by business organizations are integrity and trust. A conflict of interest rises in business situations, where we have to take decisions in personal interest or in interest of employee welfare (De George, 2011). To keep away from conflicts of interest, workforce must be able to take apart their personal financial interests from business transactions. Decision making: Decision making process within an organization is either a responsibility of an individual or a group. Decision making effects the organizational cultural of the business. So, it is vital that decision taken within an organization is an ethical as it can effect internal and external business environment, employee performance and stakeholders relationship with the organization (Weiss, 2014). Business operations are becoming a Hercules task in the contemporary unstable and multifarious business environment. The expectations of stakeholders are becoming diverse in terms of accountability and fairness, thus violating these confidences can bring negative results for the business organization. As the increase in competitiveness in the market, it is becoming evident for organizations to learn about diverse cultural diversity and their significant applications. As a result this develops the challenge for organizations to sustain and grow as a trusted brand in changing busine ss environment. Working conditions and employee welfare: In our contemporary business environment, employee rights and suitable working conditions are constantly been improved by business organizations to immerge a more socially responsible organization. The new competitive market has experienced a considerable improvement in working conditions in multiple industries including, pharmaceuticals, retail, transportation and logistics, banking, software and hardware, etc. Thus in the course we have learnt that ethical working conditions and protecting employee rights are important issues that effects business and stakeholders relationship to a great extent. Social networking Issues: With technological advancements and ease in communication, business practices and organizational structures are changing drastically. New age employees or the millennials are constantly in touch with each other through social sites through which they share personal experience and information. The social networking is constantly evolving creating challenges for business organizations regarding corporate communication process. Access to social media during working hours by employees not only consumes time but also decrease the quality of work. Also, access of social media from workplace also causes misuse of organizational resources. Unauthorized use of organizations name, logo, and copyright information on social media platform can violate organizations rights and power over their property. Also disclosure of unauthorized sensitive information can harm organizations competitive advantage. Sharing personal opinion (mostly negative) about organization or co-wor kers can be a professional damage for the employee as often organizations monitors employee activity in social media sites and if company reputation is under risk due to negative remarks or comments on social media, organizations take strict action. Communication: Communications is a further part in which ethical apprehension might occur. Phony and confusing advertising, as well as misleading selling strategy, unsatisfied customers can cause confusion and turbulent business operations. Honesty concerning product and service quality is vital to consumers. For instance, in the pharmaceutical industry, herbs are sold with partial regulation and testing, and there are many independent sellers in the market. Larger pharmaceutical manufactures and corporate like Warner-Lambert take control on regulated use of herbs and communicate in a effective manner about the regulation and testing process with the consumers. But as many small and independent manufactures are already present, regulations are not always ethically done; they also often fail to inform customers about product specification and differentiations. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility: In our day to day life where we face moral situations may have to carefully choose between what is right and what is wrong and decide according our actions and reactions. Similarly when we are conducting business, we face similar ethical and moral situations where the corporate or social circumstance around the decision maker generates serious obstructions and difficulty to act responsibly. One important point of ethical behaviour is the reality that social situations have a major influence over organizational behaviour (Peterson, and Ferrell, 2016). Thus effective business leaders have a great influence in creating ethical business environment, which is also known as corporate culture that promotes ethical decision making and ethical practice in everyday business processes. The significance of ethical business leadership is to generate the circumstances in which ethical practices are conducted and corrupt people are also guided and motivated to act morally. In the modern business organizations, the management is giving immense importance to build corporate social responsibility and every business organization has a strategy regarding CSR and publicizes an annual report detailing the activity (Hartman, et al. 2014). In short CSR can be defined as the connection and association between the corporate and the stakeholders. A business organization that is alarmed regarding the social order with producing profits is expected to empower voluntarily in socially conscientious activities. For instance, renowned corporate IT giant Microsoft has been awarded the organization with CSR activities by Forbes. A strong CSR brings trust and commitment among the stakeholders. Ethical business environment has a positive impact with ethical behaviour of employees. EBL Learning: Enquiry based learning can be explained as the learning process which is based on analysis, learning and research. EBL has helped me in taking more responsibility for recognizing what I need to learn and finding reliable sources for acquiring knowledge. It has helped me to develop my research skills in solving practical problems. Through EBL learning, I have cultured the importance and significance of ethics in business decision making and other processes. As I student of business, I have learnt that managing a business organization and taking decisions for organizations growth and sustainability takes a lot of skills, abilities, knowledge and practical experience. One of the crucial elements that every manager should understand and have knowledge is to take decisions which will not only be potential for organizational growth and sustainability but also safeguards stakeholders interest and community as a whole. As discussed earlier, business ethics is a group of code of conduct that every profession should maintain in business processes and decision making and applying a moral code in business. Thus it is necessary for business organizations to engage in fair practice and this is a long term learning process which cannot be acquired over night. As a student of business ethics, there are two primary factors for learning business ethics is helpful before entering workplace: Accepting the significance of relationship of ethics and morality will help me to become an effective business leader: In any business organization, when an individual is at work, catching up with deadlines, routine works, reviews and organizations performance reports, it is quite evitable to overlook the secret factors that make a business successful. It is co operations and coordination between the workforce and leadership qualities. In the present turmoil economic conditions we often experience leaders abandoning their struggling organizations and employees concerned with personal goals and objectives. Thus it is necessary for new age business leaders and professionals to learn skills and abilities which will help them in solving complex corporate dilemma and circumstances (De Cremer, de Bettignies, 2013). Having theoretical and practical knowledge about ethics and morality will help me to identify situations and options that are available to make decisions that need integrity, fairness and reliability. It also gives me a pre knowledge about real world business challenges that we are going to face as business professionals. In my course I have learned the significance of ethics in business and according to my understanding I have noted the following issues: Basic Human Need: Honesty and integrity is one of the most basic human needs. An individual cannot grow in a dishonest and unethical environment as a result almost everybody wants to work in a organization which is moral and ethical in its practices. Developing Reliability: A business organization which has a strong desire to deliver moral practices is respected and trusted by the society even if an individual has least information about the organization. For instance, Microsoft is awarded one of the most ethical and morally responsible organizations towards society in 2015 by Forbes, which has helped Microsoft building a perception, and brand which is held far and wide and building strong brand image even for those who does not even have idea of Microsofts business. Also, a reliable business organization also attracts investors to invest in the business for long term growth (Pimentel, et al. 2010). Thus maintaining ethical practice in a business organization will allow it to grow in long term. Integrity in Workforce: Stakeholder includes employee or workforce also and a socially responsible organization takes a decision which safeguards the interest of the employees. Thus brining trust and commitment in employees and committed workforce perform better to achieve organizational objective. A socially responsible organization has a strong leadership to guide the organization to success. A business organization which safe guards its employee welfare and promotes business and workforce environment for employee growth and development also attracts the best talents in the industry. Thus, everybody wants to work for a socially responsible organization, as it helps employee to grow and sustain. Thus, in our business ethics course line I have learned that ethical and moral decisions are profitable to a business organization in long term growth and sustainability. Ethics is the primary element that safeguards public interest even if law fails to preserve it and helps a business organization in making business decisions and practices which are socially responsible. Business ethics will assists and guide me about how to conduct my job responsibilities, relationship with co-workers and subordinates and make crucial business decisions in the sense that it will be beneficial in long term professional career. Business Ethics: When I was in my previous job as an executive in ABC Ltd I came across one such circumstance where I was stuck between my morality and the temptation. I was asked by manager to scrutinize and select one of the advertising companies that my organization was going to give advertising tender for one year. I was given five advertising firms and term performance reports. One of the advertising companies was CDE Pvt Ltd and their sales manager offered me a bribe is I would have selected them and helped them to get the tender. I was shocked and confused and I didnt have the courage to take decision by myself, so I reported the matter to my manager who took the matters in hand and eventually that organization was black listed from getting the tender. After I learned and understood about business ethics, looking at that incident, I think now I can better judge the situation now. If I was aware about ethical decision making at that time, I would have taken action myself rather reporting to my superior. That showed my insufficiency to take serious business decision in ethical situations where we have to choose from right and wrong and act according to organizations interest. Ethics learning is important because it sets the system of standard behaviour in an individual (Lamberton, 2014). As a business professional I have to face situations where there will be a conflict of interest and position of trust, in those circumstances, my study of ethics will assists me to take moral conclusions. An understanding of ethical theories moral reasoning will assist me to apply business ethics in my future professional practice by: Moral reasoning can be simply explained as the judgmental process of understanding a situation if it is ethical and unethical (Wildermuth, et al. 2014). It is the moral development of an individual which assists to identify moral situations. In business organizations, we have to face situations where moral reasoning is required thus understand of ethics, theories and its implication is very important for any business professional for effective decision making. It includes our moral behaviour which allows us to feel how others will be affected by our decisions. Studying ethics will help me to understand individuals perception about what is moral and what is unethical and analyse how people decides when faces ethical dilemmas. Studying normative ethical theory has helped me to judge an individuals ethical action and why they should take that. For instance, when a person It serves as a principle for evaluating a situation. Understanding normative ethical approach will provide me perspective to take ethical decisions. Learning and understanding Prescriptive ethical approach will assist me to focus on the duties and responsibilities that my job needs me to perform and my ethical behaviour to fulfil my responsibilities. For instance, a train driver is viewing a child on the railway track, he can save the child by derailing the train, which can cost some loss for the company or he can run over the child to save the loss. In this scenario, the driver should take ethical decision of derailing the train as a loss or live is more than business loss. The Utilitarian ethical approach has taught me to take decision that will provide greater benefit. For instance, as a business manager I will outsource my production unit to some other low cost location so that my consumers can get the product in much cheaper margin. Consequentialismargues that the principles of an act are evaluated completely by its consequences (Wenstp, 2005). This theory generally produces self defeating results if applied. Usually, this approach is not applied in practice but will allow me to understand the self defending nation of my co workers and subordinates. Thus study of ethics and ethical theories have helped me to understand myself as well as others and human behaviour during decision making. It has also taught me how ethical practice can bring effectiveness and integrity and productivity in workforce as well as in organizational success. Reference: De Cremer, D. de Bettignies, H. 2013, "PRAGMATIC BUSINESS ETHICS",Business Strategy Review,vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 64-67. De George, R.T., 2011.Business ethics. Pearson Education India. Durkheim, E., 2013.Professional ethics and civic morals. Routledge. 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