Patient Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Patient Assessment - Essay Example His blood pressure was 150/98. Mentally the patient was disturbed by symptoms of disease that he had been experiencing for along time. He was also very stressed at work due to a busy schedule and had resulted to excessive drinking to address his mental problems. He is also disturbed by the fact the he cannot stop smoking. He is chain smoker. Socially the patient was stable as he showed that he integrated with people at the place of work and outside the work place. Being a manager, the patient interacted with a lot of people. He did no show any signs of social problems. He is a member of two social clubs. In the context of the society, the patient has a stable social life. He is contented with the position he holds in the society being a manager. His relationship with other societal members is also very stable. Using the Orem Model of nursing if assessed Mr. Parker to get more information about the development of type II diabetes. Using the following interpersonal skills, I was able to assess Mr. Parker further to get more information concerning his problem. I my assessment I was able to talk to Mr. Parker in a way that I showed him that there was a way out of the problem. Therapeutic communication in nursing dictates that you talk to the patient using constructive words which give the patient the hope to recover. The communication process should encourage the patient to the recovery path rather than portraying a doom about their conditions. Mr. Parker had a believer that his life would turn out to be very difficult since he had been diagnosed with a terminal diseases. To get more information about him in order to get the root cause of the disease I created a confidential atmosphere to Mr. Parker by assuring him that there was need to give me all his information in order for me to come up with the best nursing strategy for him to help him solve the problem of smoking and drinking. (b) Active listening To get more information from Mr. Parker, I had to listen to attentively and logically try to connect all the information that he gave me. As I listened to his story I realized that Mr. Parker's problems did no stop with excessive drinking and smoking. His problems went further to include nutritional problems and lack of physical exercises. I realized that being a manager, Mr. Parker was always busy from early morning to late hours working for his company. He lacked time to have physical activities and time to have healthy diets. Through active listening, I was able to gather all the information from him and at the same time related the information to get the root cause of his type II diabetes. (c) Conveying knowledge and information As we talked, I explained to Mr. Parker the relationship between his problems. I explained to him why he had developed the condition owing to his lack of exercises, lack of healthy diets, excessive drinking and smoking. I explained to him that eating junk foods leads to accumulation of fat in the body. Junk food contains

Persuasive reseach paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuasive reseach paper - Essay Example If a person goes against the nature or predetermined notions linked to the dog’s breed, it is an obvious phenomenon to face the negative reaction from that creature. In this context, judging the dog or any other animal as vicious or even dangerous does not qualify. The owner is somehow responsible for the dog’s negative reaction and not the guiltless animal. Before keeping a dog as a pet, the owner must read and research about that breed of dog. If there are certain factors which may hinder with the natural priorities of the dog, the owner should dismiss the idea of keeping it. The food requirements, living requirements, taming needs as well as attention requirements differ from one breed of dog to the other. Pit Bull dogs are not born to fight but they are tamed and motivated to do so. The recent incident where owner was accused of malnourishment of the Pit Bull dogs is linked to the NFL star Michael Vick. Vick has been found guilty of being cruel with animals when Pit Bull dogs were observed to be mistreated in his territory. The pit Bull dogs are observed to be wounded by fighting and were found to be half-starved. They were not taken care as was observed by their health and apparent condition. Vick was also accused of burying Pit Bulls on his property that lost their lives due to extremely violent fighting wounds. The example of Vick’s cruelty is evident in explaining how dogs are misused and misguided to perform cruel acts. It is obviously not the dog’s will to fight and get those serious wounds but for the entertainment and pleasure of the owner, the dogs are tamed to do such vicious acts. It should be noted that 47 Pit Bulls were saved from Vick’s property and 45 of them were rehabilitated effectively. One of the remaining 2 was euthanized for health risking factors and the other because of

Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers Social Work Essay

Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers Social Work Essay A policy proposal written for an international agency detailing ways to improve the health and well being of the residents of a real community. The purpose of this Policy Proposal is to highlight, and bring to public attention, the inequalities in health status between Gypsy Traveller populations and non-Gypsy Traveller populations and to propose ways in which these inequalities can be addressed, tackled and reduced. To produce a valid, constructive proposal I will consider the health service priorities and health improvement targets, as well as experiences, beliefs and attitudes towards health of Gypsy Travellers. I will be using the generic term Gypsy Traveller to encompass the four separate groups; English Gypsies, Welsh Gypsies, Scottish Gypsy Travellers and Irish Travellers. Although each of these groups has a separate ethnic identity, evident from the different languages spoken by each group, they also share many aspects of a common cultural identity as traditional Travellers or Romani people. For the purposes of this study I will not be including New Age Travellers, as they have opted to take on this alternative lifestyle and are not of the same culture. There have been a few studies that find Gypsy Travellers (who are described variously as Gypsies, Travellers and Romanies, as well as other terms throughout these relatively small investigations) have an inferior health status to non-Gypsy Traveller communities. However, there is very limited, dependable evidence and data that proves this. At the moment health policy is focussing on trying to reduce the inequalities in health, in particular aiming at groups that are socially excluded. The department of health published a policy document in 1999 titled; Reducing Health Inequalities: an Action Report, claiming that one of the key aims of the Governments health strategy for England is to improve the health of the worst off in society and to narrow the health gap (Department of Health. 1999: 2). However, this proposal did not include any mention of the health, or health needs of Gypsy Travellers. This could be seen as an example of the extent to which Gypsy travellers are socially excluded. Gypsy Travellers are a socially excluded, ethnic group and, according to the small scale research already undertaken, require specific health needs that have not been met, or even recognised by the Health department. An investigative study that was undertaken in 2004 by Parry G et al, titled The Health Status of Gypsies and Travellers in England: A report of Department of Health Inequalities in Health Research Initiative Project 121/7500. The findings from this study confirm the concerns stated by authors of the reports that focus on the health of Gypsy Travellers. Parry G et als project backs up the smaller scale reports findings, and shows that there is a requirement for concern and action in this field. The report indicates that the health problems seem to be more serious among the highly nomadic persons within the Gypsy Traveller community (Parry G et al. 2004) Their report informs us that the results found for the health of the Gypsy Travellers that were being studied (study population) is significantly poorer than the results that were obtained from people of the same age and sex but from different ethnicities and social groups (UK general population). We are informed that the study group were between twice, and five times worse off than the general UK population, which cannot just be put down to the correlations with age, education and smoking. There was also some evidence that the people that required the health service the most were the ones using it the least; this is an inverse relationship (Parry G et al. 2004). Other results and findings from this report included every respondent mentioning that accommodation was a major factor. Not only is it the actual living conditions that are crucial to well being, but the fact that the ability to decide the type of accommodation they have, and whether or not they wish to continue a traditional travelling way of life is incredibly important and crucial to their sense of independence. Many of the respondents spoke about their lack of choice and the intolerable conditions they are in; another exemplification of the negative view the non-Gypsy Traveller has. (Parry G et al. 2004) Parry et als report noted that Gypsy Travellers find it hard to access healthcare, something which Feder touches upon in the 1989 Traveller gypsies and primary care in the Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioner. Feder tells us that gypsy Travellers often have trouble registering with a GP because the GP practices often reject them (Feder. 1989). Even when the Gypsy Travellers are able to register with a GP there is often communication difficulties between the health worker and Gypsy Traveller with experiences of, and also defensive expectation of, racism and prejudice (Parry et al. 2004). If improvements are to be made in Gypsy Traveller health, there needs to be a clearer idea of who is responsible for their health, i.e. is it all down to the Gypsy Traveller themselves to sort out health care or should it be the health authorities making sure any Gypsy Travellers that live within their region are accounted for and supplied with full healthcare options. My belief as to why there are such clear healthcare issues within the Gypsy Traveller community is that the healthcare officials have very little guidance when it comes to treating Gypsy Travellers, as well as the priority of the health of Gypsy Travellers being relatively low. These issues all need to be looked in to and resolved. Having said that however, for these issues to be overcome the overall problem of the Gypsy Travellers invisibility needs to be addressed first. However, including a category for Gypsies and Travellers on ethnic monitoring forms is not something that can just be added on. It should be done in consultation with the Gypsy Traveller communities and requires careful staff training. From the studies that have been mentioned above we can see that the health needs of Gypsy Traveller communities are currently not being met. The plans and provisions that are in place at the moment are not effectively tackling the problem and need to be analysed and updated. Methods need to be put in place that would improve both access to healthcare by Gypsy Travellers, as well as the service the Gypsy Traveller receives. There are some options we can look at that will greatly aid the cause. The idea of setting up a partnership with the Gypsy Traveller communities in the delivery of healthcare has been looked at before. An example of a partnership model was developed in the form of a pilot primary health care project in 1994 in Ireland. Traveller women were given training to develop their skills in providing community based health services to their own community in partnership with public health nurse co-ordinators (Parry et al. 2004). Partnership models also imply that Gypsy Travellers be actively consulted and involved in local health planning and service development. There are examples of this working well in Cambridge, Newark and Leeds where Gypsy Travellers are working in community development and in close partnership with health workers. Another way in which the Gypsy Traveller voice will be heard is to periodically invite Gypsy Travellers to participate in any forums that exist for Black and other Ethnic Minorities. This would mean that their needs are constantly out for the public to be aware of and eventually this would decrease the negativity that is witnessed towards Gypsy Travellers, and reduce any barriers the Gypsy Travellers may have come across in accessing public healthcare. Improving the cultural awareness of healthcare staff is a priority but with the very little evidence to support the effectiveness of cultural awareness training that is currently provided, this change should be evaluated in terms of its effectiveness at changing the negative attitudes that are at the centre of a lot of the discrimination. The Traveller Health Strategy 2003-05 of the Republic of Ireland is an example of inter-departmental coordination in regards to the gypsy traveller health. A similar inter-departmental Task Force in England would command wide support. It was clear from my research that dedicated health visitors for Travellers were highly valued and played an important role in being able to supply access to other health services. Targeted service provision has long been a practice for a range of groups, and should be practice for Gypsy Traveller groups as well. A compelling point was made in one of my research articles; if all doctors and health staff were trained to respect people then there would be less need for dedicated services and some participants were quite emphatic that there should be no specialist provision that Gypsy Travellers should be treated with the same respect and care as others in the population.

Biography of Andrew Carnegie Essay -- Andrew Carnegie Management Wealt

Biography of Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie was born into a poor working class family living in the town of Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. His father operated a small hand looming business located in the family home. The Carnegies was literate, well read, and active in the politics of the day. It was a time of repression of the Scottish worker by the Government, the employers, and the culture. Rebellious in thought as well as actively participating in protests was part of the Carnegie family life style. He was exposed to all of Scotland’s dramatic portrayal of Scottish Heroes. He learned the poetry and songs that were filled with the heroics of the underdog and their fight for equality. Andrew Carnegie’s mother was the strong parent in the family. She protected her two sons from associating with any corrupting values. Andrew said, "Yes, mother would have taken her two boys, one under each arm, and perished with them then they should mingle with low company in their extreme youth. There was not a prouder family in the land. Anything low, mean, deceitful, shifty, course, underhand, or gossipy was foreign to the heroic soul [mother]". Andrew idealized his mother, his country and its heritage, and the struggle for fair treatment of the worker. The Carnegie family left Scotland when Andrew was 13, and came to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the urging of his two aunts. His mother was the behind the move and she continued to be a motivator, supporter, and controller of Andrew and his personal interests for the rest of her life. Carnegie arrived in America in 1848, and found the state of official social equality he had been searching for. Although the worker had not gained equality in living and working conditions, at least the laws of this government promoted its attainment. He had been filled with the idealism of a radical reformer in Scotland, but in America he quickly became involved with his own climb to success. His greatest characteristic was his ability to take advantage of any opportunity that was offered to him. His first opportunity to advance was his promotion from a factory bobbin boy to writing entries into his employer’s accounts. At 15, he grabbed at the chance to leave the factory for a job as a telegraph messenger. Andrew made it his concern to learn the name of every business owner in the city. Recognizing these men on the street shortened... ... . . . the ultimate source of Carnegie’s consuming ambition remains elusive. Ultimately human behavior results from the way in which an individual accommodates himself to the contradictions and ambiguities with in himself and his society.. . . . Andrew Carnegie had a personal set of paradoxes. The best his biographers can do is to designate the pressures and document the response . . . . In himself Carnegie knew kindness and cruelty, vanity and shame, generosity and greed, doubt and confidence (Baker 27). Carnegie cannot be understood even with reading all of his writings. He came from a very poor childhood, worked in sweat factories, and yet in his later life, these memories were obliterated by his powerful drive for power and wealth. Swetnam believes that, "Carnegie developed a philosophy of his own. It was made up of his early religious and political training, rugged individualism, desire for mastery and achievement, greed, generosity, and a conviction that the world-and especially those close to him-needed his ideas and guidance. No small element was his struggle of conscience over having indulged in what in 1868 he had alluded to as the ‘worship of the golden calf’" ( 67). Biography of Andrew Carnegie Essay -- Andrew Carnegie Management Wealt Biography of Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie was born into a poor working class family living in the town of Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. His father operated a small hand looming business located in the family home. The Carnegies was literate, well read, and active in the politics of the day. It was a time of repression of the Scottish worker by the Government, the employers, and the culture. Rebellious in thought as well as actively participating in protests was part of the Carnegie family life style. He was exposed to all of Scotland’s dramatic portrayal of Scottish Heroes. He learned the poetry and songs that were filled with the heroics of the underdog and their fight for equality. Andrew Carnegie’s mother was the strong parent in the family. She protected her two sons from associating with any corrupting values. Andrew said, "Yes, mother would have taken her two boys, one under each arm, and perished with them then they should mingle with low company in their extreme youth. There was not a prouder family in the land. Anything low, mean, deceitful, shifty, course, underhand, or gossipy was foreign to the heroic soul [mother]". Andrew idealized his mother, his country and its heritage, and the struggle for fair treatment of the worker. The Carnegie family left Scotland when Andrew was 13, and came to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the urging of his two aunts. His mother was the behind the move and she continued to be a motivator, supporter, and controller of Andrew and his personal interests for the rest of her life. Carnegie arrived in America in 1848, and found the state of official social equality he had been searching for. Although the worker had not gained equality in living and working conditions, at least the laws of this government promoted its attainment. He had been filled with the idealism of a radical reformer in Scotland, but in America he quickly became involved with his own climb to success. His greatest characteristic was his ability to take advantage of any opportunity that was offered to him. His first opportunity to advance was his promotion from a factory bobbin boy to writing entries into his employer’s accounts. At 15, he grabbed at the chance to leave the factory for a job as a telegraph messenger. Andrew made it his concern to learn the name of every business owner in the city. Recognizing these men on the street shortened... ... . . . the ultimate source of Carnegie’s consuming ambition remains elusive. Ultimately human behavior results from the way in which an individual accommodates himself to the contradictions and ambiguities with in himself and his society.. . . . Andrew Carnegie had a personal set of paradoxes. The best his biographers can do is to designate the pressures and document the response . . . . In himself Carnegie knew kindness and cruelty, vanity and shame, generosity and greed, doubt and confidence (Baker 27). Carnegie cannot be understood even with reading all of his writings. He came from a very poor childhood, worked in sweat factories, and yet in his later life, these memories were obliterated by his powerful drive for power and wealth. Swetnam believes that, "Carnegie developed a philosophy of his own. It was made up of his early religious and political training, rugged individualism, desire for mastery and achievement, greed, generosity, and a conviction that the world-and especially those close to him-needed his ideas and guidance. No small element was his struggle of conscience over having indulged in what in 1868 he had alluded to as the ‘worship of the golden calf’" ( 67).

Schizophrenia and B. Axis I.

Your professor asks you on what axis diabetes would fall under. You answer: A. Axis II. B. Axis I. C. Axis III. ** D. Axis V. 2. Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of: A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. psychosis. C. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. ** D. anxiety disorder. 3.Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____________ model of psychological disorders. A. medical** B. humanistic C. psychoanalytic D. biopsychosocial 4. If you have an intense fear of speaking in public, eating out, or going to parties, you may be suffering from: A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. dysthymic disorder. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. social phob ia. ** 5. Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood taken.She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from a(n): A. dissociative disorder. B. phobia. ** C. major depressive disorder. D. low self-esteem. 6. Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): A. generalized anxiety disorder. ** B. phobia. C. dysthymic disorder. D. obsessive-compulsive disorder. 7. Depression is: A. more commonly suffered by men than women. B. less common than dissociative disorders.C. more common than phobias. D. the number one reason people seek mental health services. ** 8. Amanda blames herself for her recent job loss. Her therapist suggests that her depression results from this self-blame, rather than blame of the slumping economy. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a: A. social-cognitive per spective. B. DSM-IV-TR diagnosis. C. linkage analysis. D. medical model. 9. In the United States, there are ___________ suicides annually. A. 50,000 B. 20,000 C. 30,000** D. 40,000 10. One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized thinking.Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized thoughts have: A. increased working memory capacity. B. low levels of dopamine. C. a breakdown in selective attention. D. increased selective attention. 11. The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ____________ in this disorder. A. learned helplessness B. oxygen deprivation C. viral infections D. glutamate receptors 12. Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities.Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But, most days he sits in a chair, with no expression on his face. His absence of appropriat e behavior is known as: A. delusional thinking. B. positive symptoms. C. negative symptoms. D. disordered thinking. 13. _____________ are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning. A. Neurotic disorders B. Mood disorders C. Personality disorders D. Psychotic disorders 14. Stacy has to be the life of the party.She wears revealing clothing, even around her married friends' husbands. This behavior has upset a number of her friends, especially when one of their boyfriends asked her out. On any given weekend, Stacy can be seen at a club dancing on a table or in the laps of various men. Stacy would be considered to have a: A. borderline personality disorder. B. schizoid personality disorder. C. narcissistic personality disorder. D. histrionic personality disorder. 15. PET scans illustrate reduced activation in the ____________ lobes of a murderer's cortex. A. parietal B. occipital C. frontal**p. 629 D. temporal

Compare the relationship and characters Essay

As Winston continues to write his diary, he begins to write it as though it were for O’Brien to read. Despite the fact that Winston has been having a relationship with a woman called Julia, he still feels the need to look toward O’Brien for approval of his ideas. When O’Brien invites him to his house, Winston begins to believe that in fact, O’Brien is a conspirator against the Party. Winston visits O’Brien and admits to being a â€Å"thought criminal†. O’Brien tells Winston that â€Å"The Brotherhood†, a shadowy organisation run by Emmanuel Goldstein that is working against â€Å"the Party†, does indeed exist. O’Brien is thorough and concise in his explanation. We see very subtle clues however, that O’Brien could be leading Winston into a trap. He is unsurprised to hear Winston repeat the quote from his dream â€Å"we shall meet again in the place where there is no darkness† and repeats it himself as though it were repetition of a previously held conversation â€Å"‘in the place where there is no darkness’ he said, as though he had recognised the allusion. † (Page 185) He also say’s earlier â€Å"we are the dead† (Page 183). This was something Winston had said earlier in the book that O’Brien couldn’t have heard unless he had been spying on him. Despite this Winston’s admiration grows for O’Brien to almost worship. Again this reinforces Winston’s weakness. Despite the fact that O’Brien could easily be a member of the thought Police attempting to entrap him, he is quite willing to admit to being a thought criminal. Even though O’Brien gave off a suggestion that he may have been spying on him, Winston suspicion is not aroused and in fact his admiration of O’Brien is increased. O’Brien seems to be everything Winston is not. Winston is neurotic, nervous and physically weak. He lacks the power to change the world he lives in and looks to others to take the initiative and lead him in his revolt against the system. O’Brien is so calm, cool and collected. He gives off an air of inner strength and power this is accentuated by his strong physical form. Despite this he also has a softer, kindly side to his nature. He seems to have all the answers to Winston’s questions and makes him feel safe â€Å"When you looked at O’Brien’s powerful shoulders and his blunt-featured face, so ugly yet so civilised, it was impossible to believe he could be defeated† (Page 183). Winston shows all the classic signs of looking toward O’Brien as a father figure. Later on after receiving â€Å"the book† from O’Brien, a piece that Documents the true state of the world and how to bring down the party, Winston is captured by â€Å"The Thought Police† He is taken to the â€Å"Ministry of Love† There are no windows and the lights are constantly on. Suddenly the statement â€Å"the place where there is no darkness† comes into focus. What had seemed like a positive analogy with the Darkness alluding to the unpleasant world of 1984 is turned on its head. What was really meant was that the place where there is no darkness is actually a jail, where the lights are never turned off. Winston still has a blind faith in O’Brien and futilely believes that O’Brien may try and save him. However, O’Brien and Winston are about to meet again, but their relationship is about to enter a new stage. When O’Brien appears at the door of his cell, Winston even now deludes himself into thinking that O’Brien has been captured. However he soon puts Winston straight indicating that he is Winston’s incarcerator and telling him â€Å"You knew this Winston† and adds â€Å"you have always known it† (both Page 251). After a series of beating that degrade Winston to a state of almost complete humiliation, O’Brien begins to interrogate him. O’Brien begins by breaking him down with a series of torture techniques and drugs. In one instance, O’Brien takes Winston’s symbolic stance that â€Å"Freedom is the Freedom to say 2 + 2 = 4† and through a series of Electrocutions makes Winston start to believe that 2 + 2 actually = 5. O’Brien tells Winston that by controlling memory and records, that â€Å"The Party† can dictate reality â€Å"who controls the past controls the future and who controls the future controls the past† (Page 260). O’Brien also tells Winston that they do not intend to punish him, but simply convert him to their ways of thought, before he is executed. O’Brien has undoubtedly become Winston’s tormentor, putting him through horrendous torture. He has broken Winston down and begins to undermine all of his free thinking ideas. O’Brien and Winston move toward a Teacher/Pupil relationship. Like a promising student Winston questions O’Brien’s beliefs, forcing him to justify them. Whilst O’Brien almost sees Winston as a proti gi e, trying to show Winston the error of his ways â€Å"He had the air of a Doctor, a Teacher, even a Priest, anxious to explain and persuade rather than punish. † O’Brien also displays an ability to read Winston’s mind. It may be that he has a telepathic power, but it could also be the scientific approach that O’Brien seems to take with everything he does. He is an expert in the subject of thought. I believe that he has studied Winston in immense detail over many years and can actually predict his thought patterns. O’Brien has already thought out their conversations in his head and predicted Winston’s responses. He is an experienced interrogator and probable member of the Thought Police. It is likely he is able to pick up from a person’s expressions and body language what they may be thinking. I also think that the link between them may have seen O’Brien take a special interest in Winston, maybe the same thought patterns had crossed O’Brien’s mind at some stage in his life. Eventually Winston is almost completely â€Å"cured†. However, he retains his love of Julia. O’Brien decides to expose him to his worst fear in Room 101. Winston wears a mask that allows rats to be released on his face. He has an immense fear of Rat’s and finally screams out for them to be released on Julia instead of him. Finally O’Brien has reached through into his soul and Winston is truly defeated. The book ends with Winston drinking coffee in a bar where Traitors live out their days before execution. Winston has abandoned all his ideas of free thought and rebellion. He realises that rather than hating Big Brother, he actually loves Big Brother. O’Brien and Winston’s relationship goes through several stages. It starts with Winston seeing O’Brien as a hope, somebody who might be having the same thoughts as him. Then he believes O’Brien will be the freedom fighter who will put an end to the totalitarian state the world has become. Finally he becomes Winston’s tormentor, inflicting pain on him in order to â€Å"cure† him of his â€Å"disease†. Through all this though O’Brien and Winston’s relationship maintains a theme. Winston looks up to O’Brien as somebody with immense Power, who can protect him and control his destiny. Even during torture when O’Brien is unseen Winston believes he is there, orchestrating the beatings and keeping him alive. He believes blindly throughout that O’Brien is his saviour. In the end perhaps O’Brien does become his saviour. Winston finally is released from the fear of Big Brother and detection for thought crime. He loves Big Brother and looks forward to his execution. In the end, despite the tragedy of his failure, Winston finally seems to be able to face his fate alone.

Its Me vs It is I

Its Me vs It is I Its Me vs It is I Its Me vs It is I By Maeve Maddox Reader Ali Abuzar wants us to: elaborate the difference and usage of 1.It is me. 2.It is I. 3.This is me. 4.This is I. 5.This is Mr. XYZ. Items 1. and 2: It is me. It is I. Back in the 18th century, when scholars were fiercely debating English grammar in an effort to ascertain and fix it, one of the proposed rules relating to pronouns was that a pronoun in the nominative case (what we now call a subject pronoun) must follow a form of to be: It is I. It is we. It is they. This rule is based on a rule that exists in Latin. The existence of this rule in any language, however, does not prevent most English speakers from saying Its me. When someone phones me and says Is Maeve Maddox there? my response is always This is she. Thats the way my momma brought me up to answer the phone. She also taught me to say To whom do you wish to speak? However, in face to face conversation, Im much more likely to say Its me. Its me is idiomatic English. It is I is not. Thats not to say that the usage of to be followed by a nominative pronoun is either dead or deserves to be. Its just not used by all speakers on all occasions. Theres a familiar hymn whose chorus contains the line Here I am, Lord. Is it I, Lord? Writers of fiction often use the differing forms as character tags. Items 3. and 4: This is me. This is I. The only context for This is me that I can think of (except maybe in answering the telephone) would be in describing photos to another person: This is me the summer after I graduated. This is me when I joined the Marines. This is I would sound strange in this context. Item 5: This is Mr. XYZ. This is the normal construction for such a statement. Ex. This is the author of my favorite novel. This is Mr. Biceps, my gym teacher. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesAt Your Disposal90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

French Nouns With Two Genders

French Nouns With Two Genders The gender of French nouns tends to be a sticky grammar point for students, especially when it does not exist in their mother tongue. Although getting the gender right is very important, most of the time the wrong gender will not hinder your ability to understand or to communicate in French, because most words have a single gender. For example, un bureau (desk) is masculine and une chaise (chair) is feminine. Saying une bureau or un chaise is incorrect, but still understandable. Other words have two different forms for masculine and feminine versions ( un avocat/une avocate, un acteur/une actrice) or a single form that refers to a man or a woman depending on which article is used ( un touriste/une touriste, un artiste/une artiste). However, there are a number of French nouns which are identical in pronunciation (and often spelling as well) but which have different meanings depending on whether they are masculine or feminine. Probably a good idea to memorize this list. Aide un aide - male assistant une aide - help, assistance, female assistant Air/Aire un air - air, look, aria une aire - area, zone, eyrie Aller/Allà ©e un aller - one-way trip une allà ©e - avenue, path, aisle Auteur/Hauteur un auteur - author une hauteur - height Bal/Balle le bal - dance la balle - ball (sports) Bar/Barre le bar - bar/pub, bass (fish) la barre - bar/rod, barre, helm Barbe/Barbes le barbe - barb la barbe - beard les barbes (f) - ragged edge Barde le barde - bard (poet) la barde - bard (armor for a horse, fat wrapped around meat) Basilic/Basilique le basilic - basil, basilisk la basilique - basilica Basque le basque - Basque language la basque - tails (of a jacket) Boum le boum - bang, explosion, (fam) success la boum - (inf) party Bout/Boue le bout - tip, end la boue - mud Bugle le bugle - bugle la bugle - bugleweed But/Butte le but - aim, goal, purpose la butte - hillock, mound Cache le cache - card/mask (for hiding s.t.) la cache - cache, hiding place Capital/Capitale le capital - capital, money la capitale - capital city, capital letter Carpe le carpe - carpus la carpe - carp Cartouche le cartouche - (archeology) cartouche la cartouche - cartridge, carton Casse le casse - break-in, robber la casse - breaking, damage, breakages Cave le cave - (familiar) idiot, sucker la cave - basement, cellar Central/Centrale le central - center court, (telephone) exchange la centrale - station, plant, group Cerf/Serre le cerf - stag la serre - greenhouse Champagne le champagne - champagne la Champagne - Champagne region Chà ªne/Chaà ®ne le chà ªne - oak tree/wood la chaà ®ne - chain, channel, stereo Chà ¨vre le chà ¨vre - goat cheese la chà ¨vre - goat Chine le chine - china, rice paper la chine - second-hand / used trade la Chine - China Chose le chose - thingie, contraption la chose - thing Claque le claque - opera hat, (familiar) brothel la claque - slap Coche le coche - stagecoach la coche - check mark, tick (on a form) Col/Colle le col - collar, neck la colle - glue Coq/Coque le coq - rooster la coque - hull, fuselage, cockle Cours/Court/Cour le cours - class le court - (tennis) court la cour - courtyard, court of law Crà ¨me le crà ¨me - coffee with cream la crà ¨me - cream Crà ªpe le crà ªpe - crepe material la crà ªpe - thin pancake Cric/Crique le cric - jack la crique - creek, inlet Critique le critique - male critic la critique - criticism, review, female critic Diesel le diesel - diesel fuel la diesel - diesel automobile Enseigne un enseigne - ensign (rank) une enseigne - sign, ensign (flag, banner) Espace un espace - space, room une espace - printing space une Espace - car model from Renault Fait/Faà ®te/Fà ªte le fait - fact le faà ®te - summit, rooftop la fà ªte - party Faune le faune - faun la faune - fauna Faux le faux - fake, forgery, falsehood la faux - scythe Fil/File le fil - thread, yarn, string la file - line, queue Finale le finale - finale (music) la finale - final (sports) Foie/Foi/Fois le foie - liver la foi - faith une fois - once, one time Foret/Forà ªt le foret - drill bit la forà ªt - forest Foudre le foudre - (ironic) leader, large cask la foudre - lightning Garde le garde - guard, warden, keeper la garde - guard duty, custody, private nurse Gà ¨ne/Gà ªne le gà ¨ne - gene la gà ªne - trouble, bother, embarrassment Geste le geste - gesture la geste - gest, epic poem Gà ®te le gà ®te - shelter, cottage; bottom round (meat) la gà ®te - list, inclination of a ship Greffe le greffe - court clerks office la greffe - transplant, graft Guide/Guides le guide - guide (book, tour) la guide - girl scout/guide les guides (f) - reins Icone/Icà ´ne un icone - icon (computer) une icà ´ne - icon (art, celebrity) Interligne un interligne - space (typography) une interligne - lead (typography) Jars/Jarre le jars - gander la jarre - jar Kermà ¨s/Kermesse le kermà ¨s - scale insect, kermes (tree) la kermesse - fair, bazaar, charity party Krach/Craque le krach - stock market crash la craque - (familiar) whopping lie Lac/Laque le lac - lake la laque - lacquer, shellac, hairspray Là ©gume le là ©gume - vegetable la grosse là ©gume (informal) - big shot Lieu/Lieue le lieu - place la lieue - league Livre le livre - book la livre - pound (currency and weight) Maire/Mer/Mà ¨re le maire - mayor la mer - sea la mà ¨re - mother Mal/Mà ¢le/Malle le mal - evil le mà ¢le - male la malle - trunk Manche le manche - handle la manche - sleeve la Manche - English Channel ManÅ“uvre le manÅ“uvre - laborer la manÅ“uvre - maneuver, operation Manille le manille - Manila cigar, Manila hat la manille - (card game) manille; Manille shackle Manque le manque - lack, shortage, fault la manque - (familiar) crummy, second-rate Mari le mari - husband la mari - marijuana (apocope of la marijuana) Marie - feminine name Martyr/Martyre le martyr - male martyr le martyre - martyrdom, agony la martyre - female martyr Marue/Mors le Maure - Moor le mors - bit (horse-riding) Mort le mort - dead body la mort - death Mauve le mauve - mauve la mauve - mallow plant Mec/Mecque le mec (informal) - guy, bloke la Mecque - Mecca Mà ©got le mà ©got - cigarette butt la mà ©got - cigarette Mà ©moire le mà ©moire - memo, report, memoirs la mà ©moire - memory Merci le merci - thanks la merci - mercy Mi/Mie le mi - mi (musical note E) la mie - soft part of bread Mi-Temps le mi-temps   - (work) part-time la mi-temps - (sports) half, half-time Micro-Onde le micro-onde - microwave oven la micro-onde - microwave (electromagnetic radiation) Mite/Mythe le mite - moth la mythe - myth Mode le mode - method, way, mood la mode - fashion Moral/Morale le moral - morale la morale - moral (of a story), morals Mou/Moue le mou - softness la moue - pout Moule le moule - mold la moule - mussel Mousse le mousse - ships boy (apprentice) la mousse - moss, froth, foam, mousse Mur/Mà »re le mur - wall la mà »re - blackberry Nocturne le nocturne - night hunter (bird), nocturn (religion), nocturne (music, art) la nocturne - late night store opening, sports match, meeting Å“uvre un Å“uvre - body of work une Å“uvre - piece of work, task Office un office - office, bureau une office - pantry Ombre un ombre - grayling (fish) une ombre - shade, shadow Orange orange (m) - orange (color) une orange - orange (fruit) Page le page - page boy la page - page (of a book) Pair/Pà ¨re/Paire le pair - peer le pà ¨re - father la paire - pair Pà ¢ques/Pà ¢que Pà ¢ques (m) - Easter la pà ¢que - Passover les Pà ¢ques (f) - Easter Parallà ¨le le parallà ¨le - parallel (figurative) la parallà ¨le - parallel line Pendule le pendule - pendulum la pendule - clock Personne personne (m) - (negative pronoun) no one la personne - person Pet/Paie/Paix le pet - (familiar) fart la paie - pay la paix - peace Physique le physique - physique, face la physique - physics Plastique le plastique - plastic la plastique - modeling arts, body shape Platine le platine - platinum la platine - turntable, deck, strip of metal Poche le poche - paperback book la poche - pocket, pouch Poà ªle le poà ªle - stove la poà ªle - frying pan Poids/Pois/Poix le poids - weight le pois - pea, dot la poix - pitch, tar Poignet/Poignà ©e le poignet - wrist, (shirt) cuff la poignà ©e - handful, fistful; handle Poison le poison - poison, (informal) unpleasant man or boy la poison - (informal) unpleasant woman or girl Politique le politique - politician la politique - politics, policy Ponte le ponte - (informal) big shot la ponte - laying eggs, clutch of eggs Poste le poste - job, post, tv/radio set la poste - post office, mail/post Pot/Peau le pot - jar, pot, tin, can la peau - skin Pub le pub - pub/bar la pub - ad (apocope of publicità ©) Pupille le pupille - male ward la pupille - pupil (eye), female ward Rade le rade (slang) - bar, bistro la rade - harbor Radio le radio - radio operator la radio - radio, X ray Rai/Raie le rai - spoke (wheel) la raie - line, furrow, scratch (fish) skate, ray Rà ©clame le rà ©clame - (falconry) the cry to recall the bird la rà ©clame - publicity; en rà ©clame - on sale Relà ¢che le relà ¢che - rest, respite, break** la relà ¢che - rest, respite, break**, port of call**For these meanings, relà ¢che can be masculine or feminine. Renne/Reine/Rà ªne le renne - reindeer la reine - queen la rà ªne - rein Rà ªve/Rave le rà ªve - dream la rave - rave party (but not rave meaning turnip, which is pronounced differently) Rose le rose - pink (color) la rose - rose (flower) Roux/Roue le roux - red, redhead, roux (soup base) la roue - wheel Secrà ©taire le secrà ©taire - male secretary, writing desk, secretary la secrà ©taire - female secretary Sel/Selle le sel - salt la selle - saddle Soi/Soie le soi - self, id la soie - silk Sol/Sole le sol - ground, floor, soil la sole - sole (fish) Solde le solde - balance (account), sale la solde - pay Somme le somme - snooze, nap la somme - sum, amount Souris le souris - smile (archaic) la souris - mouse Tic/Tique le tic - tic, twitch la tique - tick Tour le tour - tour, turn, trick la tour - tower, rook (chess) Tout/Toux le tout - whole la toux - cough Trompette le trompette - trumpeter la trompette - trumpet Vague le vague - vagueness la vague - wave Vapeur le vapeur - steamer la vapeur - steam, haze, vapor Vase le vase - vase la vase - silt, mud Vigile le vigile - night watchman la vigile - vigil Visa le visa - visa (to enter a country) la visa - Visa (credit card) Voile le voile - veil la voile - sail

How to Write the UT Austin Supplemental Essays 2017-2018

Founded by the Congress of the Republic of Texas in 1883, the University of Texas at Austin is home to 51,000 students and 3,100 faculty members. As the â€Å"Public Ivy† of the South, UT Austin annually ranks among the Top 20 public universities. As UT Austin’s reputation grows, its applicant pool becomes increasingly competitive as well, leaving its current acceptance rate in the low 40% range, one of the lowest among public schools. Noted departments at UT include petroleum engineering, history, and linguistics. Additionally, UT permits students to apply directly to programs that are occupation-specific, an aspect that differentiates UT from other institutions. UT Austin provides multiple essay prompt options for students to choose between. There is one mandatory essay prompt that all students must respond to, as well as secondary questions that you may answer depending on your intended major. Note: UT recommends that you keep your essays between 350 and 500 words, with no more than 650 words. 650 is also the word limit for the Common Application, so it’s easy for you to get an idea for how much room you have to get your point across. For more tips on how to write the Common Application Essay, feel free to check out ’s Common App 2017-2018 Guide . As the only essay prompt required by every applicant, this topic allows you to expand and describe your personal background or story. Where are you from? How did you get here? How has your community influenced you to become the person you are today? Because every applicant will write this prompt, the goal is to be as original as possible. Prompt A is the only mandatory question out of the topics in UT’s Essay requirement. For your second essay, you should choose just one from the following prompts. Answer this topic by explaining the origin and goals of your decision to pursue nursing; UT seeks to understand how your specific experiences will aid you along this path. Additionally, explain the future opportunities you want to participate in, and how these will help you reach your long-term goal in nursing. Submit your essay and we’ll get back to you with helpful edits. Along with your main essay, you must submit at least three additional short essays. According to the UT Austin application requirements , your answers should be limited to no more than 40 lines, or about 250–300 words. While not quite as elaborate as a traditional common app essay, you still have sufficient space to develop a compelling response. The following sections will discuss strategies to approach the UT Austin short answer prompts. If you could have any career, what would it be? Why? Describe any activities you are involved in, life experiences you’ve had, or even classes you’ve taken that have helped you identify this professional path. Some Tips to Consider: Even if you aren’t sure what you want to do for your career, you can still write an excellent response. First, notice that this prompt is hypothetical in that it asks, â€Å" if you could have any career, what would it be?† With that being said, you can feel free to explore and select between countless options for your topic, and they don’t necessarily need to be exactly what you want to do. The career path does not necessarily need to match every aspect of your skill set and personality; rather, it should incorporate your experiences and interests, and potentially complement other information you’ve provided. One strategy to write this essay is to match an aspect of your personality to a career. For example, if you are very meticulous and attentive to aesthetic details and love to travel, you may want to consider writing about being a photographer for National Geographic . You could discuss how viewing awe-inspiring photographs on Instagram has motivated you to travel and see different cultures. At the same time, you could take the response a step further by explaining how you would love to incorporate aspects of your cultural anthropology class to better document the lives of the people or communities you photograph. Instead of focusing too much on the career path itself, you can make the task of writing easier by expounding upon your relevant activities or experiences. For example, if you want to be a product manager for a high-tech company, you could discuss how your leadership role in the robotics club has taught you valuable lessons in failure. Now, whenever you design, you take a skeptical approach and assume things will never work the way you intend, which causes you to iterate quickly as a manager. Do you believe your academic record (transcript information and test scores) provide an accurate representation of you as a student? Why or why not? Here is a tip directly from the UT Austin Admissions Office: â€Å"Feel free to address anything you want the Office of Admissions to know about your academic record so that we can consider this information when we review your application. You can discuss your academic work, class rank, GPA, individual course grades, test scores, and/or the classes that you took or the classes that were available to you. You can also describe how special circumstances and/or your school, community, and family environments impacted your high school performance.† Essentially, you can discuss anything you want with respect to your high school academics. Some potential topics could include: You may feel compelled to â€Å"explain† a bad grade in a class or convince admissions that your GPA could have been higher, but that’s not really the point of the prompt or what admissions wants to hear. Instead of focusing on making excuses, focus on the lessons you’ve learned from mistakes . For example, if you struggled in calculus, explain why you may have found the subject challenging and how you worked hard to change your study habits by setting up weekly meetings with your professor to work on the concepts. A response like that could shed light on a lower grade on the transcript while revealing positive aspects about your character. Whatever you choose to write about, try to incorporate the positives of what you took from the experience and show why you are now a better applicant due to the experience. Keep in mind that admissions officers consider your potential as well as your past accomplishments. How do you show leadership in your life? How do you see yourself being a leader at UT Austin? Here is a tip directly from UT Austin: â€Å"Leadership can be demonstrated by positions you hold as an officer in a club or organization, but other types of leadership are important too. Leaders can emerge in various situations at any given time, including outside of the school experience. Please share a brief description of the type of leadership qualities you possess, from school and non-school related experiences, including demonstrations of leadership in your job, your community, or within your family responsibilities, and then share how you hope to demonstrate leadership as a member of our campus community.† The most effective way to respond to this prompt is to split it into two parts. Part 1 should concern your experience with leadership or cultivating a leadership skill. Part 2 should directly respond to Part 1 by analyzing how the identified skill will apply directly to a campus group or community at UT Austin. For example, you could begin by describing your experience volunteering or tutoring at a local elementary school. Instead of simply saying you were â€Å"a leader† to the younger kids, focus on describing the types of qualities you learned and how. If the kids often struggled with paying attention or staying on task, you could explain how you learned to temper expectations, be patient, and interact with a cool head. When the kids recognized how patient and composed you were, they adopted the same demeanor when solving problems and improved drastically. You could even go in-depth about particular moments or instances in which you learned a certain skill or developed a leadership quality. Further, you can also discuss what leadership means to you, potentially touching on the types of qualities you value in a leader. Following your anecdote, you can specifically show how your leadership qualities will be used at UT Austin. For example, if you are interested in leading outreach projects in local Austin communities or even other countries, you can explain how the quality of â€Å"patience† will come in handy when convincing organizations to let you work with them. If you do a mission trip in another country, patience is often crucial for forming relationships and overcoming social or linguistic barriers, as well. The point of this example is to show how clearly you must organize the response and how the specific quality you discuss in your personal anecdote must also motivate your application to UT Austin. Personal interaction with objects, images and spaces can be so powerful as to change the way one thinks about particular issues or topics. For your intended area of study (architecture, art history, design, studio art, visual art studies/art education), describe an experience where instruction in that area or your personal interaction with an object, image or space effected this type of change in your thinking. What did you do to act upon your new thinking and what have you done to prepare yourself for further study in this area? This topic confirms that UT Austin is searching for two things in applicants applying to a degree in architecture, art history, design, studio art, visual art studies/art education: 1) relevant past experiences and 2) how and why those experiences motivate you to pursue one of the above-mentioned fields. Discuss the reasons you chose social work as your first-choice major and how a social work degree from UT Austin will prepare you for the future. This topic essentially asks the same thing as Prompt N, for social work. Describe how your decision to pursue social work came about. Relate previous experiences in social work to how they will guide you in your pursuit down this career path. UT’s requirement of Prompt A and short answer essays is a chance for you to show off yet another aspect that readers have not been exposed to. Remember that an unforgettable essay can go a long way in convincing readers to grant you admission to the home of the Longhorns! Looking for additional guidance in essays or college apps in general? Check out our Essay Editing Program and College Apps Program . Want us to quickly edit your college essay? Submit it to our Rapid Review Program , and we’ll get it back to you quickly with comments from our expert team.

The decisions made by the Bush administration, for the first time in Essay

The decisions made by the Bush administration, for the first time in American history, approving extraordinary procedures of investigation, questioning, and punishment to use in the War on Terror - Essay Example A UN panel formed on November 2004, defined terrorism as any act aimed to cause bodily harm to civilians for compelling the government to do any act (Allen). Even though America declared war against terror after the September 11 attacks, it conducted anti terrorist operations since the early 1990’s. From this period the US Government was operating anti terror programmes. One such programme was forcible capturing or seizing suspected terrorists from foreign countries and transferring them to a 3rd country. This programme came to be known as Extraordinary rendition. It was expanded by the Bush administration after the 2001 attacks. Latest records reveal that up to 1245 flights have been operated for transporting terror suspects from undisclosed locations to detention centers operated by CIA also called as Black sites. This action by the US government has created tensions between its European allies, namely the Council of Europe, Congressional committees and Human rights organizations. They have questioned the legality of the programme even though forgetting the ill effects of terror attacks suffered by US and many other foreign countries. This programme of Extraordinary rendition was formed after the 1993 attacks on US. It was a way for the CIA for keeping the terror suspects out from the American court system because they feared that the intelligence system could be jeopardized. This programme got approval from the Presidential Decision Directive 39 issued by President Bill Clinton. This directive gave suggestions regarding procedures to be used for forcible abduction of terrorists without the permission of the host governments. Actually this act was a blatant encroachment against the sovereignty of other nations on the grounds of fight against terror. This programme was extensively used after the September 11 attacks by the US government. The programme of Extraordinary rendition was promoted first by Richard

Sports Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sports Advertising - Essay Example In spite of the extensive use of athletes as product or brand endorsers, there is a relative be short of published research that examine the power these athletes may have on a objective market. Further, it remains questionable as to whether or not celebrity endorsers really make a difference on the bottom line for advertisers. According to the experts those reported that only one out of five profitable that built-in celebrity endorsers met advertisers' planned prospect. Researchers have finished that celebrity endorsers may not have "linked" or recognized with the intended target market. One can quarrel that this may occur since the celebrity endorser lacked recognition and perceived knowledge with the target market (SLACK, 1996, 48-69). Perhaps one of the mainly significant and sought after target markets for advertisers today is one that represents huge possible yet substantial challenges teenagers. At present, teenagers have been confidential as a part of age group Y those persons born among 1977 and 1994. A current subject of the Journal of Advertising Research tinted and identified the possible and yet confrontation of Generation Y to marketing labors. Authors in this particular subject discussed this require with a call for additional research to recognize the incentive and behaviors of this significant group. This require for research may be chiefly obvious in sports and sports marketing. For years, expert sports such as main league baseball have effort to attract a younger audience to its moribund fan base (CORNWELL, B. 1995, 13-24). Additional lately experts discussed be short of research on the female market for sports marketers. As the passage of Title 9 in 1972, a federal permission to give equal athletic opportunities for men and women, these women, of whom a big group belong to Generation Y, represent an enormous market for sports, sports marketers, and sports celebrities. Though, this main market may be the least investigate section by sports organizations and sports marketers. Do sports celebrity endorsers act as role models to females plus, if so, can they power this segment's purpose and behaviors (CORNWELL, T. B., 2001, 1-52) Hence, the objectives of this reading are to: (1) travel around the notion of sports celebrities as character models for Generation Y, (2) look into whether or not sports celebrity role models pressure this generation's meaning and behaviors, and (3) explore the power of sports celebrity role models (DASGUPTA, P. 1989). Background According to the expert analysis which emphasized that the youth market is one of the mainly coveted of all section due to their: (1) spending power, (2) ability to be trendsetters, (3) receptivity to new products, and (4) tremendous possible for becoming life span customers. On the other hand, others highlight that Generation Y is one who is opposed to advertising efforts, unusual, and anti-corporate. Despite these apparently opposite perspectives, researchers and practitioners argue that this group is an easier aim to market to since they have grown up in a customer oriented society. According to Rob Frankel, writer of The Revenge of Brand X (2000), "... Gen Y is less entrenched in customary social

The market position of Nivea for men in UK Essay

The market position of Nivea for men in UK - Essay Example (Euromonitor, 2010) Bargaining power of suppliers (Low): Nivea has a high bargaining power with respect to its suppliers because of its diverse portfolio and generating economies of scale (Beiersdorf AG , 2010). Bargaining power of buyers (High): Customers of men grooming products have high bargaining powers due to low switching costs, price sensitivity to grooming products etc (Kay, 2006). Threat of Substitutes (Medium): Nivea for men has a high threat of substitutes from general grooming products, natural products such as olive oil etc. (Heijden, 2005) SWOT Analysis for Nivea For Men In order to fully understand the competitive advantages and vulnerabilities of Nivea, (Beiersdorf AG, 2011)we conduct the following SWOT analysis for Nivea for men: The Boston Group Matrix The overall market growth of the men’s grooming market is 3% (2009-2014 CAGR) (Euromonitor, 2010) and the relative market share of Beiersdorf (Nivea for Men) is low. Market share of Beiersdorf AG is 5.3% (2011 ) as compared to 32% of P&G (Euromonitor, 2010). With a low market growth and low market share, Nivea for Men falls into the Dogs enterprise position, which indicates that Business is a cash trap (BRS Inc). The best thing that Nivea for Men can do is to focus on short term, avoid risky investments and look into niche segments. Where do we want to be? (Strategy Formulation) This stage of marketing strategies planning describes the objectives and aims of Nivea’s marketing plans, the strategy formulation for its brands’ growth and identification of â€Å"the business we’re in†. Before defining the objectives of Nivea’s marketing strategies, we must recollect the competitive advantages that Nivea for men... This research describes the Situation analysis or Market Audit for Nivea in the men’s grooming market in UK considering both External and Internal perspectives. Nivea currently holds the #2 spot in men’s grooming category for the UK market. The ‘Nivea-for-men’ case-study details the challenges that Nivea for men is having in the men’s grooming market in UK. Upon extensive analysis of the market and competition, it is evident that Nivea-for-men even though is a leading and important brand for both Beiersdorf and overall market, it’s sales still lag behind the flagships products of P&G and Unilever. The growth opportunity that is seen for Nivea for Men is the growing skin care segment with a CAGR (2004-2011) of 17.8%. Owing to the iconic branding of Nivea in skin-care products, Beiersdorf possess a competitive advantage in penetrating and increasing the skin-care market for men. In order to do so, they should segment their consumers on attribute s of age and shopping behavior. Target segments identified for Nivea for men are Adult adopters, midlife adopters, senior adopters, and midlife experimenters. The various attack strategies that Nivea for men can use are products bunding, progressive promotions and pricing. The various defence strategies that should be implemented by Beiersdorf are flanking defense and position defence. With proper risk management in place with respect to the implementation and control of marketing plan, it is bound that market share of Nivea for men will increase in the UK market.

Human Resource Management Relations and Rewards Essay

Human Resource Management Relations and Rewards - Essay Example â€Å"Grievances are best dealt with at an early stage, informally, with the immediate line manager. However, organizations should have formal procedures in place to handle cases left unresolved. Having formal grievance procedures in place allows employers to give reasonable consideration to any issues which can't be resolved informally and to deal with them fairly and consistently†. The problems are solved in the grievance hearing meeting. The line manager will hear the complaint of the employee first and then it is taken a open discussion by the group about the issues. Disciplinary cases include poor performance or misconduct by the employee during his work .If an employee’s performance does not meet the set standards, the employer has to improve the performance through informal discussion with the employee. But if the employee continues his poor performance, the employer has to take disciplinary actions against him. Basic useful direction is given in the Acas Code of Practice on Grievance and Discipline issues. It provides a detailed guidance and advice for the employers and employees which will be useful to them in their current and future career. This code is adopted to help the employer and employee to handle the disciplinary and grievance issues in the working environment. â€Å"If the employer decides to a take disciplinary action or dismiss the employee, they should follow the procedures which are laid out in the Acas Code of Practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures†.

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Information Systems - Essay Example The spare capacity if available can be used for different purposes. The remote hosting at the third-party facilities as well leads the company to the curtailing of the costs while maintaining the internal control over hardware, software and communications and keeping its established relationship with the third party. Hosting at the Surebridge’s facilities, on the other hand, has the advantage of sparing the customer worry about establishing and maintaining its own IS infrastructure, investing into hardware etc. Moreover, customer receives over-the-clock access to the monitoring tools and gets a dedicated manager who is well aware of the company’s specifics and recent history. To make a sound choice, more information about both the options and the company’s particular needs is desirable in order to successfully match one with another. On the Surebridge’s side, additional required information would include price, total cost of ownership, connectivity and speed of connection, security standards with regards to transfer and processing of the commercial data, set-up time, reliability of the back-up system and assurance of operations continuity, additional services provided. On the company’s side, it would be necessary to know whether its operations and needs are quite similar to those of other companies in the industry, or does it need the customized solutions and treatment. It is also important to know if the company already has a modern IS infrastructure and some trained personnel, or an agreement on hosting with a third party in place. Moreover, the required speed and volume of processing stemming out of the scope of the company’s operations and necessity of the computers and IT infrastructure to be deployed for other purposes should also be considered. A possibility to visit Sharebridge’s facilities would be an exciting experience. I would like to start by looking at the

The market position of Nivea for men in UK Essay

The market position of Nivea for men in UK - Essay Example (Euromonitor, 2010) Bargaining power of suppliers (Low): Nivea has a high bargaining power with respect to its suppliers because of its diverse portfolio and generating economies of scale (Beiersdorf AG , 2010). Bargaining power of buyers (High): Customers of men grooming products have high bargaining powers due to low switching costs, price sensitivity to grooming products etc (Kay, 2006). Threat of Substitutes (Medium): Nivea for men has a high threat of substitutes from general grooming products, natural products such as olive oil etc. (Heijden, 2005) SWOT Analysis for Nivea For Men In order to fully understand the competitive advantages and vulnerabilities of Nivea, (Beiersdorf AG, 2011)we conduct the following SWOT analysis for Nivea for men: The Boston Group Matrix The overall market growth of the men’s grooming market is 3% (2009-2014 CAGR) (Euromonitor, 2010) and the relative market share of Beiersdorf (Nivea for Men) is low. Market share of Beiersdorf AG is 5.3% (2011 ) as compared to 32% of P&G (Euromonitor, 2010). With a low market growth and low market share, Nivea for Men falls into the Dogs enterprise position, which indicates that Business is a cash trap (BRS Inc). The best thing that Nivea for Men can do is to focus on short term, avoid risky investments and look into niche segments. Where do we want to be? (Strategy Formulation) This stage of marketing strategies planning describes the objectives and aims of Nivea’s marketing plans, the strategy formulation for its brands’ growth and identification of â€Å"the business we’re in†. Before defining the objectives of Nivea’s marketing strategies, we must recollect the competitive advantages that Nivea for men... This research describes the Situation analysis or Market Audit for Nivea in the men’s grooming market in UK considering both External and Internal perspectives. Nivea currently holds the #2 spot in men’s grooming category for the UK market. The ‘Nivea-for-men’ case-study details the challenges that Nivea for men is having in the men’s grooming market in UK. Upon extensive analysis of the market and competition, it is evident that Nivea-for-men even though is a leading and important brand for both Beiersdorf and overall market, it’s sales still lag behind the flagships products of P&G and Unilever. The growth opportunity that is seen for Nivea for Men is the growing skin care segment with a CAGR (2004-2011) of 17.8%. Owing to the iconic branding of Nivea in skin-care products, Beiersdorf possess a competitive advantage in penetrating and increasing the skin-care market for men. In order to do so, they should segment their consumers on attribute s of age and shopping behavior. Target segments identified for Nivea for men are Adult adopters, midlife adopters, senior adopters, and midlife experimenters. The various attack strategies that Nivea for men can use are products bunding, progressive promotions and pricing. The various defence strategies that should be implemented by Beiersdorf are flanking defense and position defence. With proper risk management in place with respect to the implementation and control of marketing plan, it is bound that market share of Nivea for men will increase in the UK market.

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Information Systems - Essay Example The spare capacity if available can be used for different purposes. The remote hosting at the third-party facilities as well leads the company to the curtailing of the costs while maintaining the internal control over hardware, software and communications and keeping its established relationship with the third party. Hosting at the Surebridge’s facilities, on the other hand, has the advantage of sparing the customer worry about establishing and maintaining its own IS infrastructure, investing into hardware etc. Moreover, customer receives over-the-clock access to the monitoring tools and gets a dedicated manager who is well aware of the company’s specifics and recent history. To make a sound choice, more information about both the options and the company’s particular needs is desirable in order to successfully match one with another. On the Surebridge’s side, additional required information would include price, total cost of ownership, connectivity and speed of connection, security standards with regards to transfer and processing of the commercial data, set-up time, reliability of the back-up system and assurance of operations continuity, additional services provided. On the company’s side, it would be necessary to know whether its operations and needs are quite similar to those of other companies in the industry, or does it need the customized solutions and treatment. It is also important to know if the company already has a modern IS infrastructure and some trained personnel, or an agreement on hosting with a third party in place. Moreover, the required speed and volume of processing stemming out of the scope of the company’s operations and necessity of the computers and IT infrastructure to be deployed for other purposes should also be considered. A possibility to visit Sharebridge’s facilities would be an exciting experience. I would like to start by looking at the

International Law In Business Dispute Essay Example for Free

International Law In Business Dispute Essay With the diversity in the exchange of business portfolio continues to grow, a rational legal device should help to solve the various conflicts that arise in various international business conflicts developing from such business transactions. The international business and trade are basic pillars for the growth and economic sovereignty of the global states. The compliment of comparative and absolute advantages will constantly remain upraised. Hence therefore, the global states will remain morally upright in exchanging commercial activities and products from one state to another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like any other activity operating within social dimensions, business activities are partied with various conflicts. However, with the rationality ascribed to the conflict theory working within social structures, the same is critical in providing standards of social changes and revolutions. Perhaps, without conflicts within business structures, the same cannot strike a step ahead in horror of growth and development. However, the same business conflict is impartial in preventing adequacy of cohesion in international business standards. With the counterfeit results of international business conflict, a rational analyst would be indifferent of the role played by the international business in the same. Therefore, one would perhaps ask, does international law provide an environment for settling business disputes? If yes, what are codes of its dimensions? However, the logics to this thesis statement would call for sublime academic research for a scholar who would not compromise the authenticity and valid support of a research work.[1]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The international businesses and trade operates within the international environment, business structures, parties into business contracts and legal and priority requirement into international business contracts. With the diversity into the activities found beyond the national business borders, then the foundations of these transactions is ratified by the activity of persons founded on diversity in racial backgrounds, ethnicity, domestic constitutions and commercial laws, above other fundamental human basics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, these differences should be brought together in a common understanding in the person’s within the contractual authorities of international definitions. Perhaps however, international law brings comfort to the international business family providing a support for general cohesion and exchange of activities across the national borders. Throughout its mission, the law provides tools of support for the activities and structures operating within the general framework of the international business. In a short hand, a rational being may purport this as the positive contribution of the international law in settling business disputes. However, the same law is deemed as a basic support for increased international chaos and disputes. On grounds of rationality, this is the negative impact of internal law in settling business disputes.[2] For impartiality in both of the phenomena, stakeholder into their detailed description should never be compromised. Advantages of international law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Summarily, one can say that international law does to business what Aristotle did for the school of philosophy. The domain of the international law contribution to business would perhaps open volumes of discussion if taken at a deep emphasis. However, a sub detailed analysis would still provide a support for the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within the international business, an encapsulation of activities of intensified nature is the operational attire of the system. These activities are compounded by diversity in their attributes and volume of work. It involves transactions of broad nature brought forward by nationals of different human understanding. Due to the diversity in these activities and domestic legal authorities, parties into these activities often find themselves trapped in the pool of conflict between one another, structures and activities. For harmony into the business activities, international business comes to provide understanding and harmony into such business prospects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, the environment, within the international business activity ought to be taken care off. Various production, distribution and business transaction processes involve dimensions that are threat to the environment. The global environment has continued to suffer degradation due to various commercial activities such as factory exhaustions and productions, the maritime activities like oil spillage, over exploitation of resources by the investors, general product dumping above others. The global environment is the most fundamental factor which defines the rationality for livelihood within the globe. Its degradation fosters a threat to the broad image of humanity. However, international law comes in to provide refuge for the global environment through various environment laws such as, the international marine laws, aviation laws, and commercial laws above others.[3] The package of the national laws is inadequate and perhaps is radically inefficient to factor in the responsibility of international environmental attributes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elsewhere, the international business involves various contractual relationship based on international foundations. Due to the generality of business environment, a breach into the contracts has been discretionary the fundamental daily concept. Such breaches would be impersonalized and irrational if promulgated under the imagery of the national business law. However, international business does coherent validation in breached contractual relationships of an international capacity. Through the codes and regulations of its various internal laws such as the international arbitration, such conflicts are brought down into formal spheres of logical formalities. It therefore seeks to invite legal modalities that govern the transactional portfolio of international contracts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Indeed, a broad package of instruments is waived in the international business activities. The validation of there transaction would be limited by the legal requirements of commercial activities at the national imagery. Various instruments are required in the due execution of international business activities. Generally, the diversity into the transactions also provides a task force for diversity into the negotiable and activity transfer between different parties. The rationality in the administration, creation, transfer and the use of international business instruments is provided by the formalities of the internation business law. This will radically help to provide pursuit of harmony to those involved in transfer of business process.[4]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the international parameter, consumer sovereignty and protection is never compromised. The law has provided that, products and processes within the dimension of business law should articulate standards with which sovereignty and the general health and purchase price support to the consumers should remain a priority. Elsewhere, it has never compromised support in maintenance of high standards of products, services and processes that are not harmful for human consumptions. Indeed, the GATT law stands to provide refuge on commodity dumping and maintenance of high quality products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The international business operates within organizational structures. These may include aviation (both air and marine), factory stands, resource depots, banks, the legal bodies, above others. The proficiency should be maintained which is adequately catered for by the international law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Broadly therefore, international law is compounded by various advantages with which the success and promotion of the international business is fostered Disadvantages of international law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though coupled with various advantages, the same is not limited to a number of weaknesses. Conventionally, international business acts within the broad structures of the international business portfolio. However, this environment captures person’s of different nationalities with limited scales of common understanding. A collaboration between these persons in however hypocritical and only limited to the attributes with which the parties may be willing to understand one another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consequently, international law has been the main source of global misunderstanding and the major pivot concept that provide a tool for interstate conflicts. Different parties and state into international business have echoed on various disputes and conflict whose raw synthesis is potentially rooted in the understanding of the international law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Domestically, the business activities are safeguarded by the domestic commercial laws. However, such laws are only limited to the economic structures found within the spectral national boundaries. With the diversity into the economic empowerment of the different global states, their national law stands to be different in an adaptation of the structures operating within them. The economic authorities of different state activities validate them to operate in within different state activities and within different commercial laws. Elsewhere, the general difference in the economic dignity of different states imposes chaotic relations when a balance of understanding is employed to resolve international business activities.[5] The rational beings have never been at ease to compel at in providing a solitary understanding between business conflicts born between parties or states of different economic orientations. Summarily therefore, international law has been a basic source of misunderstanding and chaotic asymmetries between different nationalities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conventionally, international law stands to be a basic source of various global conflicts. Many people have ascended to this law as being a chief source of benefits at the expense of the others. Either, the same has being seen as a source of success to the highly developed and economically potential nations. The less developed and poor nations have however been seen as objects of exploitation by these laws. This is the foundations into the state of global conflicts and misunderstanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Broadly, different statues of the international laws have applied different in the domain of international business. Firstly, the labor laws provide a descent support on employment and personal protections at the workplace. These laws have been developing to provide material support that governs the rules and regulation for the international labor supply. The same has been developed via a coherent support with which the role of the workforce is to be given a support. Labor laws have been used to provide protection in terms of salary and wage payment so that workers are not exploited of the labor resource against wage package that does not provide for their sovereignty and high living standards. Either, it seeks to protect persons from effects of poor working conditions. Generally, international labor law is a package of administrative laws that provide adequacy in the working conditions of the people at their workplace. It also governs the international exchange of labor force. Consequently, it provides a support for equality in employment opportunities without discrimination into the grounds of  Ã‚   ethnicity, gender, nationality, race, religion and other parameter. It also encapsulates the avoidance of juveniles and young people from labor exploitations. Summarily, this law package provides a tool for a coordinated approach in the framework of labor within the international image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, the sovereignty of holders of intellectual property rights and the role of internet has been of a great value indeed. The development of product and service has fundamentally been seen as an important factor if the state of international business is to be rationalized. Though the scope of intellectual property rights is too broad, a short hand summary of the concerned remains objective. The international law has however not overlooked the role played by the intellectual property ownership.[6] Indeed, various laws have been instituted which seek to govern the sovereignty in the rights of the intellectual property holders. Perhaps, the Blockbuster should never be down looked in defining the role played by the internet system in providing a support for sovereignty into the holders of these rights. The international law recognizes and appreciates the roles played by these holders towards the success of the global productions. The various laws instituted provide frontiers for continued support into the use and ownership of these rights to avoid the basic conflict which may arise thereon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The general business administration is a key aspect that operates within the business framework. International business law seeks to authenticate and validate such administration through drafting legal processes and procedures that provide a continued support for a good organizational leadership. It has provided for a conventional structure of the corporate governance where the different structures into such corporations are provided for the adequacy through the development of the primary function of each. This has been done to persuade a global understanding between the corporate governance and stakeholders of the business. This promotes success and vigilance into the international business arena.[7]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within the international business comprised of various contractual relationships, the aspect of liability, its defense and elsewhere its discharge are fundamental basics for every aspects that promote understanding in the international business. The same law has however never compromised in providing a legal framework that guides and promotes illegibility into acceptance of liabilities. Various ethical and legal standards have been formulated with which the acceptance, defense and discharge of liabilities in international business should be administered. Within the business process, liability acceptance costs the decency of its procession.[8] Otherwise, no solid business foundations would operate in the absence of regulations that instill confidence into every single business. The international law comes into sanction with various understandings in form of laws and regulations governing international business liabilities. It seek to provide dimensions which instill confidence in every business proceeding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, the contractual relationship and transfer of activities follows the suit of various negotiable instruments. However, the legality of holding and transfer of negotiable instruments should follow a well modeled structure of activity with which transfer of ownership should be adequately defined and regulated by the law. Due to the diversity and intensity of activity within international business, the importance of negotiable instruments is important. However, international law has come to persuade for adequacy in all the transactions formulated within standards of holding and transfer of negotiable instruments. They seek to safeguard the interests of the parties into it. Otherwise, the international law is adequate in providing legal dimension that regulate the ethics in these instruments.[9]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, the international law recognizes and honors the personal rights in property ownership. Consequently, it anchors provision that help to provide for the rights in exercise of transactions and interest in every piece of personal property. Through the piece of codes and regulations on property ownership, all transaction rooted on transfers and interests of ownership in property right are safeguarded. Above the aspect of personal property, the aspect of the credit rights and interests in real property is provided for. The   recognition of parties under ownership of real property and estates are provided with affiliated provisions on parameters with which they can use their property for any security interest in due process of sourcing credit.   Different law statues have compounded the various transactions that may be available in every activity relating to international property/ estate ownership. With the broad recognition of the threshold consequences behind bankruptcy and its abuse to the consumer population, the consumer protection Act of 2005 is provided for the international law to safeguard the consumers from the acrid losses which may befall them in the due process of bankruptcy affecting business men. Consequently, any activities that mitigate the enjoyment of consumers of products at the international parameters are provided for.   Various legal authorities have been formulated to provide a descent support for issues of international business bankruptcy.   The law also recognizes the bank system and the transfers of checks as important components of business transactions.   Various banking, wire and checks writing at the international level have been provided for through a structure of various law sets.[10] Summarily therefore, international law does a comprehensive package of benefit in the adequate performance of the global business.   It seeks to formulate various laws which help to provide a coherent support into the overall factor of international business transaction. WORKS CITED Bederman, David J. International Law in Antiquity:   David J. Bederman. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=105008836. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p. 57 Buchanan, Allen. Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination:   Moral Foundations for International Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=110214133. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p. 93 Finch, George A. The Sources of Modern International Law. Buffalo, NY: William S. Hein, 2000. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=27948629. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p. 66 Hathaway, Oona A. Two Cheers for International Law. The Wilson Quarterly, Autumn 2003, 50+. Database on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5002035454. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p.1 Knop, Karen. Diversity and Self-Determination in International Law. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=105114608. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p.73 Meron, Theodor. International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities. American Journal of International Law 89, no. 3 (1995): 554-577. Database on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=96649446. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007.p.1 Ratner, Steven R. International Law: The Trials of Global Norms. Foreign Policy, Spring 1998, 65+. Database on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001329988. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007.p.1 Richardson, Henry J. The Gulf Crisis and African-American Interests Under International Law. American Journal of International Law 87, no. 1 (1993): 42-82. Database on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=95199148. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p.1 Roth, Brad R. Governmental Illegitimacy in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=30428687. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p.56 Yee, Sienho and Wang Tieya, eds. International Law in the Post-Cold War World: Essays in Memory of Li Haopei. London: Routledge, 2001. Book on-line. Available from Questia, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=102757928. Internet. Accessed 16 November 2007. p.104 [1] Roth, Brad R. Governmental Illegitimacy in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p.56 [2] Ratner, Steven R. International Law: The Trials of Global Norms. Foreign Policy, Spring 1998. p.1 [3] Bederman, David J. International Law in Antiquity:   David J. Bederman. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2001. p.57 [4] Meron, Theodor. International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities. American Journal of International Law 89, no. 3 (1995). P.1 [5] Finch, George A. The Sources of Modern International Law. Buffalo, NY: William S. Hein, 2000. p.66 [6] Buchanan, Allen. Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination:   Moral Foundations for International Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. p.93 [7] Knop, Karen. Diversity and Self-Determination in International Law. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 73 [8] Hathaway, Oona A. Two Cheers for International Law. The Wilson Quarterly, Autumn 2003. p.1 [9] Yee, Sienho and Wang Tieya, eds. International Law in the Post-Cold War World: Essays in Memory of Li Haopei. London: Routledge, 2001. p.104 [10] Richardson, Henry J. The Gulf Crisis and African-American Interests Under International Law. American Journal of International Law 87, no. 1 (1993) p.1